A septic system is an underground wastewater treatment system commonly used on acreage properties without access to municipal sewage systems. It provides a simple and effective way to treat household wastewater by using a combination of natural processes and technology to break down and filter waste.
How a Septic System Works
- Wastewater collection – All the wastewater from a home—including water from sinks, toilets, showers, and laundry—flows into the septic tank.
- Separation and breakdown – Inside the septic tank, solids settle at the bottom, forming sludge, while oils and grease float to the top, creating a scum layer. Bacteria in the tank help break down organic matter.
- Effluent dispersal – The partially treated liquid in the middle, known as effluent, exits the tank and flows into a drip line.
- Filtration and absorption – The effluent is slowly released into the soil, where natural filtration processes remove harmful bacteria, nutrients, and contaminants before the water re-enters the groundwater system.
Maintenance and Care
Regular maintenance is essential to keep a septic system functioning efficiently. Homeowners should have their septic tanks pumped every 3–5 years to remove accumulated sludge and prevent blockages. Additionally, avoiding excessive water use, disposing of waste properly, and being mindful of what goes down the drain can help extend the life of the system.
It’s important to remember that bacteria in the tank break down the solids, so be mindful of your cleaning products. Excessive use of bleach or other harsh chemicals can harm the bacteria, which is essential for maintaining the system’s effectiveness.
By staying on top of maintenance, your septic system will continue to function properly and seamlessly blend into your property for years to come.
